tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-87752327313081322382024-03-04T23:39:27.070-08:00Vernier Calipers GuideRanjithhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16782648459576429787noreply@blogger.comBlogger1125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8775232731308132238.post-63337114269882993272012-01-29T21:52:00.000-08:002013-11-05T06:26:33.723-08:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
The Vernier Calipers is an instrument used to measure the length of objects with <br />
a higher precision, mostly up to the extent of 0.01cm.<br />
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<b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: large;">Parts of Vernier Calipers</span></b></div>
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1.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span>Main Scale: It is a simple ruler made of metal.<o:p></o:p></div>
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2.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span>Inside Jaws: They are used to measure the internal features of an object such as the internal diameter of a hollow cylinder. One of these is fixed while the other is movable. <o:p></o:p></div>
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3.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span>Outside jaws: They are used for normal measurements of lengths of various objects. One of these is fixed while the other is movable.<o:p></o:p></div>
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4.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span>Screw: It is used to fix the length between the jaws once the measurement of the object has been taken by the jaws.<o:p></o:p></div>
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5.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span>Vernier Scale: It is similar to a normal scale but it has divisions which are different from the common 1 mm.<o:p></o:p></div>
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6.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"> </span>Depth Probe: It is a metal depth that is used for measuring depths, such as the depth of a cylinder.<o:p></o:p><br />
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<span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: large;"><b>Least Count of Vernier Calipers</b></span></h2>
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Least Count refers to the smallest distance that can be measured using an instrument. It indicates the degree of precision of an instrument. Most of the vernier Calipers have a least count of 0.1mm. Least count can calculated using the formula.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Least Count = Length of 1 MSD – Length of I VSD<o:p></o:p></div>
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Where MSD and VSD refer to Main Scale Division and Vernier Scale Division respectively<o:p></o:p></div>
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Generally N divisions on main scale coincide with N-1 divisions on vernier scale<o:p></o:p></div>
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1 VSD is equivalent to (N-1)/N main scale divisions<o:p></o:p></div>
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Using the formula for Least Count, we get<o:p></o:p></div>
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LC = 1 MSD – 1VSD <o:p></o:p></div>
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= 1 MSD – (N-1)/N MSD<o:p></o:p></div>
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= 1/N MSD<o:p></o:p></div>
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Example for Calculation of Least Count of Vernier Calipers: <o:p></o:p></div>
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A vernier scale has the length of 9 main scale divisions and is divided in to 10 divisions. Calculate the Least Count of the Vernier Calipers.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Solution:<o:p></o:p></div>
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Since 9 divisions of the vernier scale coincide with 10 divisions of the main scale<o:p></o:p></div>
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VSD = 9 / 10 mm = 0.9 mm<o:p></o:p></div>
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MSD= 1 mm<o:p></o:p></div>
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Least Count= 1 MSD- 1VSD = 1mm - 0.9mm = 0.1mm<o:p></o:p><br />
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<b style="color: #cc0000; font-size: x-large;">Formula for finding length using Vernier Calipers</b></div>
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Length = MSR + (VSR * LC)<o:p></o:p></div>
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Where MSR, VSR and LC refer to Main Scale Reading, Vernier Scale Reading and Least Count respectively.<o:p></o:p><br />
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<span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: large;"><b>Zero Error</b></span></h2>
Zero Errors quite often occur in measuring instruments due to defects in manufacturing. Vernier Calipers is said to have a Positive Zero Error is the zero of the Vernier Calipers does not coincide with the zero of the main scale when the two jaws are in contact with each other i.e. no object is held between the jaws. Appropriate correction is applied to get the correct length. Zero errors are of two types: Positive zero Error and Negative Zero Error.</div>
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<span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: large;"><b>Positive Zero Error</b></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxxQL2H_SSH5odwAxyycogHtP_DoTztFIosvYi1QyIDu4T9TgeBwWhuOfdHCCjh-daTg7z-K0-INNWYwtNfRyf49fHv0qgSX4qwJCr4b65JRgTt9r0bhh1kExz-zhrXUJvbSrgD8m_APw/s1600/positive+zero+error+in+vernier+calipers.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxxQL2H_SSH5odwAxyycogHtP_DoTztFIosvYi1QyIDu4T9TgeBwWhuOfdHCCjh-daTg7z-K0-INNWYwtNfRyf49fHv0qgSX4qwJCr4b65JRgTt9r0bhh1kExz-zhrXUJvbSrgD8m_APw/s640/positive+zero+error+in+vernier+calipers.png" width="640" /></a></h2>
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The Vernier Calipers is said to have a positive Zero Error when the zero of the vernier scale is to the right of the vernier scale when the two jaws are in contact. This means that the instrument is giving us some positive length when the length being measured is actually zero. Hence, a corresponding length has to be subtracted from the results obtained to get the correct length. The correction applied here is known as negative correction. In order to correct positive zero error, the length in the absence of any object in the jaws is noted down and the same length is subtracted from the final result after measuring the length of an object.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Suppose the nth division of the vernier scale coincides with the main scale division when no object is held between the jaws, the correct that needs to be applied is - n* LC</div>
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<b style="color: #cc0000; font-size: x-large;">Negative Zero Error</b><br />
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The Vernier Calipers is said to have a negative Zero Error when the zero of the vernier scale is to the left of the vernier scale when the two jaws are in contact. This means that the instrument is giving us some negative length when the length being measured is actually zero. Hence, a corresponding length has to be added from the results obtained to get the correct length. The correction applied here is known as positive correction. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Negative zero error correction is done in a similar way as positive zero error, the only difference being that the correction to be applied is positive i.e. + n * LC<br />
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<span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: large;">Procedure for finding length using Vernier <o:p></o:p>Calipers</span></h2>
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<li>The object whose length is to be found is held between the outer jaws and the screw is tightened. In case of measuring internal dimensions, the inner pair of jaws is used and similarly for measuring depth, the depth probe is used)</li>
<li>The reading of the main scale (MSR) which is to the left of the zero of the vernier scale is noted. This reading is the Main Scale Reading. One commonly committed mistake is to take the reading of the main scale which is closest to the zero of the vernier scale. For example: When the zero of the vernier scale is between 3<sup>rd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> division of the main scale, the MSR is 3 irrespective of how close the zero of the vernier scale is to the 4<sup>th</sup> division of the main scale.</li>
<li>To take the vernier scale reading (VSR), look up for the division on the vernier scale which exactly coincides with any of the main scale reading. It has to be noted that exactly one division coincides with the main scale divisions under any circumstances.</li>
<li>The length of the object is calculated using the formula: Length = MSR + (VSR * LC)</li>
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Care has to be taken to ensure that MSR and LC have the same units. Appropriate correction has to be applied if the vernier scale possesses any zero error.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Ranjithhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16782648459576429787noreply@blogger.com